Australia Day

Today is Australia Day, which is also a national holiday in Australia that commemorates the First Fleet’s arrival into Warrane (Sydney Cove) on the 26^th of January 1788 with 11 British ships coming over from Portsmouth in the UK and led by Captain Arthur Phillip. On arrival, Captain Phillip raised the Union Jack flag and commenced the colonial invasion of occupied lands across the continent. From this began the Colonial Frontier Wars between British settlers and indigenous Australians (also including both Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders) and marked the birth date of the New South Wales colony.

Some History and Background…

Violence and conflict occurred throughout various areas of Australia from 1788 onwards after the arrival and settlement of the First Fleet, with much of Australia’s Aboriginal population being killed by British colonists over many years. The massacres that occurred within these years were so vast that it has been difficult to provide an accurate estimate of the number of Aboriginal and indigenous individuals that died during this period, as it is believed to have been extremely high. It has also rarely been addressed in history, but because of these wide-scale massacres of indigenous individuals by British colonists, this national holiday has generated controversy and criticism regarding what is seen by many to have been a ‘robbery’ and an invasion of Aboriginal Australian land.

Celebrations and Controversies…

Many Australians celebrate Australia Day as a national holiday on the 26^th of January every year – the date on which the First Fleet and their commander Captain Arthur Philip arrived at Port Jackson (now known as Sydney Harbour). Much of Australia’s population of approximately 24 million people has gathered annually on this day to host barbecues, regattas and outdoor events and concerts on beaches and in parks in a unified celebration of Australian diversity, culture, democracy and liberation. Nevertheless, this national day is not supported nor celebrated by all. In 1988, a march took place consisting of around 40,000 indigenous and non-indigenous Australians throughout Sydney protesting against celebrations of this annual event and national holiday referring to it as “invasion day” and “survival day.” These protests are still ongoing to this day and have encouraged local councils in Melbourne to cancel and stop Australia Day events.

Conclusion…

Although a majority of Australian individuals still celebrate and participate in Australia Day events, a poll conducted in 2018 found that 49% of individuals surveyed believe that Australia should not host the 26^th of January each year in respect to the impact that colonisation had on indigenous people, their culture and communities from 1788 onwards. Many also did not seem particularly fixated on what day the national holiday is held on, as long as there is an annual celebration of Australian culture, identity and democracy. Australia Day carries a different meaning to many is observed and understood differently by different individuals and communities. It is emphasised significantly that recognition and awareness of the effect colonialism had on Aboriginal and indigenous communities and populations.

By Rachel Downie

Photo by photoholgic unsplash

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