{"id":609,"date":"2016-04-01T16:30:42","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T16:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.napier.ac.uk\/cwst\/?p=609"},"modified":"2016-04-02T15:02:54","modified_gmt":"2016-04-02T15:02:54","slug":"what-is-british-spruce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.napier.ac.uk\/cwst\/what-is-british-spruce\/","title":{"rendered":"What is &#8220;British spruce&#8221;?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>It is quite common for species with similar timber properties to be lumped into a commercial &#8220;species combination&#8221;\u00a0for trade \u00a0(the species are not differentiated &#8211; they are sold and processed together).<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;British spruce&#8221; is an example of a species combination. \u00a0EN14081-1 (and the UK National Annex of EN13556) list it with marking code WPCS. \u00a0It consists of two spruce species:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Picea sitchensis<\/em> (&#8220;Sitka spruce&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li><em>Picea abies <\/em>(&#8220;Norway spruce&#8221;)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is not, strictly, limited by definition to timber grown in the British Isles (UK and Ireland) but this is what is is intended for, and why the species combination name implies the origin.<\/p>\n<p>Over the total area of spruce forests in the British Isles, approximately 92% of these forests are comprised of Sitka spruce, with the remaining 8% consisting of Norway spruce. The exact mix depends on the location, but you can be pretty sure that when you buy &#8220;British spruce&#8221; what you mostly have is Sitka spruce, with some Norway spruce mixed in. \u00a0It is not known how the species compare when grown in the British Isles (other than knowing that they are have very similar properties) but <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.napier.ac.uk\/cwst\/work-begins-alternative-conifer-species\/\">David Gil-Moreno&#8217;s PhD project is shedding some light on that<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>There is potential for\u00a0other spruce species to be grown for timber in the British Isles (we are <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.napier.ac.uk\/cwst\/alternative-species-project-update\/\">currently researching\u00a0Serbian spruce<\/a>, <em>Picea omorika<\/em>) but these would not be included in &#8220;British spruce&#8221;, despite being spruce grown in Britain &#8211; the species combination is, specifically,\u00a0Sitka spruce and Norway spruce.<\/p>\n<p>The proportion of the spruce forest\u00a0by region is shown below. The amount of Norway spruce is indicated by the area of the red circle and the amount of Sitka spruce is indicated by the surrounding area of yellow.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.napier.ac.uk\/cwst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/23\/2016\/04\/spruce-map.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-610 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.napier.ac.uk\/cwst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/23\/2016\/04\/spruce-map.png\" alt=\"spruce map\" width=\"476\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.napier.ac.uk\/cwst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/23\/2016\/04\/spruce-map.png 476w, https:\/\/blogs.napier.ac.uk\/cwst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/23\/2016\/04\/spruce-map-270x300.png 270w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 476px) 100vw, 476px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 840px\" width=\"565\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"152\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"40\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Total<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">% Sitka<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">Country<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"152\">Region<\/td>\n<td width=\"40\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Key<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1000 ha<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">UK<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">Scotland<\/td>\n<td width=\"152\">North<\/td>\n<td width=\"40\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">47.0<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">96%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"152\">North East<\/td>\n<td width=\"40\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">47.0<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">89%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"152\">West<\/td>\n<td width=\"40\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">180.0<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">98%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"152\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">East<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"40\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">39.0<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">90%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"152\">South<\/td>\n<td width=\"40\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">235.0<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">96%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">England<\/td>\n<td width=\"152\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">North East<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"40\">6<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">41.2<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">89%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"152\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">North West<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"40\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">21.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">87%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"152\">Yorkshire &amp; Humber<\/td>\n<td width=\"40\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">11.9<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">83%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"152\">West Midlands<\/td>\n<td width=\"40\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">6.2<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">34%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"152\">East Midlands<\/td>\n<td width=\"40\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">2.1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"152\">South West<\/td>\n<td width=\"40\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">18.2<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">68%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"152\">South East &amp; London<\/td>\n<td width=\"40\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">12<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">7.0<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">11%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"152\">East<\/td>\n<td width=\"40\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">13<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">2.1<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">19%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">Wales<\/td>\n<td width=\"152\">Wales<\/td>\n<td width=\"40\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">14<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">84.3<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">92%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">NI<\/td>\n<td width=\"152\">Northern Ireland<\/td>\n<td width=\"40\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">40.0<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">90%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\u00c9ire<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"152\">\u00c9ire North<\/td>\n<td width=\"40\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">162.5<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">91%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"152\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00c9ire South<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"40\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"72\">198.3<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">94%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Sources:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Forestry Commission, 2011. National Forest Inventory. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, UK, 58 p.<a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestry.gov.uk\/pdf\/nigreatbritain.pdf\/$FILE\/nigreatbritain.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> ISBN 0 85538 602 9<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Forest Service, 2013. The Second National Forest Inventory \u2013 Republic of Ireland &#8211; Results. Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Co. Wexford, Ireland, 278 p.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.agriculture.gov.ie\/media\/migration\/forestry\/nationalforestinventory\/2012\/NFI%20Ireland%20Results_v12%20V%20Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> ISBN 978-1-4064-2809-4<\/a><\/li>\n<li>NI Forest Service, 2013. Woodland Register. Northern Ireland Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Belfast, UK.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>It is quite common for species with similar timber properties to be lumped into a commercial &#8220;species combination&#8221;\u00a0for trade \u00a0(the species are not differentiated &#8211; <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.napier.ac.uk\/cwst\/what-is-british-spruce\/\" title=\"What is &#8220;British spruce&#8221;?\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":275,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,5],"tags":[92,9,39,29],"class_list":["post-609","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research","category-standards","tag-en13556","tag-en14081","tag-norway-spruce","tag-sitka-spruce"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is &quot;British spruce&quot;? 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